Tallis et al. 2008. An ecosystem services framework to support both practical conservation and economic development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(28): 9457-9464.

This paper puts ecosystem services in the context of development and points out when economic development and ecosystem services conservation objectives can coincide with each other and when they can be in conflict. Starting from the premise that the human condition is tightly linked to environmental condition, it suggests that conservation and development projects should be able to achieve both ecological and social progress, but also maintains that such "win-win" projects are not easy to attain. The paper provides a framework for anticipating win-win, lose-lose, and win-lose outcomes as a result of how people manage ecosystem services. It emphasizes that scientific advances around ecosystem production functions, tradeoffs among multiple ecosystem services, and the design of appropriate monitoring programs are necessary for the implementation of conservation and development projects that will successfully advance both environmental/conservation goals and social/human well-being goals.

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